Innovation
Pullrod and pushrod explained - and which F1 team is running which set-up in 2025?
by Samarth Kanal
2min read
Formula 1 cars' suspension set-ups draw as much interest and intrigue as their aerodynamic devices - but what is the difference between pullrod and pushrod suspension, and which F1 team is running which configuration in 2025?
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Pullrod and pushrod are terms used to describe how suspension links are set up on F1 cars and how the torsion bar or heave spring - a horizontal element that compresses when F1 tyres go over bumps - absorbs impacts from the track surface and kerbs.
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Pullrod suspension linkage (L) and pushrod suspension linkage (R) highlighted in yellow
Cutaway illustration showing the location of the pushrod arm and heave spring on the 2021 Red Bull RB16B F1 car
Pullrod suspension set-up is used to describe one where the horizontal suspension element is pulled outwards when a car goes over a bump.
Pushrod suspension set-up is used to describe one where the suspension link is pushed inwards when a car goes over a bump.
Front pullrod suspension highlighted on the 2025 Sauber Formula 1 car
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It is possible to distinguish between pushrod and pullrod configurations visually by observing the location of the suspension links to the wheels.
Front pushrod suspension highlighted on the 2025 Williams Formula 1 car
Teams run different pushrod and pullrod configurations as they aim for stable platforms that provide consistent downforce and bump absorption.
Here is the list of the 2025 Formula 1 teams and their respective suspension configurations:
| Team | Front Suspension | Rear Suspension |
| McLaren | Pullrod | Pushrod |
| Ferrari | Pullrod | Pullrod |
| Red Bull | Pullrod | Pushrod |
| Mercedes | Pushrod | Pushrod |
| Aston Martin | Pushrod | Pushrod |
| Alpine | Pushrod | Pushrod |
| Haas | Pushrod | Pullrod |
| Racing Bulls | Pullrod | Pushrod |
| Williams | Pushrod | Pullrod |
| Sauber | Pullrod | Pushrod |
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